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Steinway D-274
D-274 (or D) is the model name of a concert grand piano, the flagship of the Steinway & Sons line,〔Fine, Larry, ''The Piano Book: Buying & Owning a New or Used Piano'', Third Edition, Boston: Brookside Press 1994〕 first built in 1884.〔("Grand piano guide to Steinway and industry standard sizes" ), ''Bluebook of Pianos''. Accessed March 12, 2010.〕〔Katie Hafner: ''A Romance on Three Legs: Glenn Gould's Obsessive Quest for the Perfect Piano'', Bloomsbury Publishing USA: New York, 2008, ISBN 1-59691-525-0 and ISBN 978-1-59691-525-1.〕 It is generally described as the first choice of most concert pianists.〔
At 274 cm (8′11¾″) long, 156 cm (61¼″) wide and 480 kg (990 pounds),〔("Specifications and Features – Model D" ), ''Steinway & Sons Official Website'', Accessed March 12, 2010.〕 the D-274 is too large for most domestic situations.〔 In concert hall settings, on the other hand, the D-274 is a major presence. An example would be the famous Van Cliburn International Piano Competition, which traditionally offers contestants a choice of two D-274s owned by the Van Cliburn Foundation, supplemented with another choice from an outside source.〔(Cantrell, Scott, "Van Cliburn 2009: Contestants off to a rousing start on first day of preliminary round," ''The Dallas Morning News'', May 23, 2009, accessed March 20, 2010 )〕
An estimate from 2003 suggested that more than 90% of concert grand pianos worldwide are D-274s.〔("Just about perfect: The dichotomy of Steinway piano design" ), ''STEP Inside Design'', issue of November/December 2003, p. 68.〕〔("Mythos in Schwarz-Weiß, Wie ein Steinway-Flügel entsteht" ), Report of 5. April, 2010, by Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR) (in English: North German Broadcasting).〕
== Design ==
Virtually all critical design elements of the Steinway 'D' were developed during the 19th century. Among them are the action and string scale designs perfected by Henry Steinway, Jr., the company founder's son; the hammers, cast iron frame and laminated wooden rim, all originating in designs patented by C.F. Theodor Steinway, another of the founder's sons; the trapwork (pedals), first devised by Albert Steinway, a third son; and most aspects of the soundboard. Since those early years, only two notable improvements have been made: a concentric shaping of the soundboard, a design patented by younger family member Paul Bilhuber, was introduced in 1936; more recently the Steinway action was changed to provide a greater mechanical advantage to the player, resulting in less touch resistance with no loss of power.〔("Today's Pianos Have Prelude In Yesterday's; Steinway Family Legacy Pervades Factory in Queens," ''The New York Times'', July 19, 2003 (accessed March 24, 2010) )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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